Technology for utilizing crop straw as feed in our country

　　China Straw Network comprehensive report: Crop straw is one of the main feeds for livestock. Although corn stalks contain non-starch macromolecules such as cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose, 2%~4% protein, and 0.5%~1% fat, their nutritional value is relatively low. After microbial fermentation, the macromolecules are decomposed into low-molecular monosaccharides or oligosaccharides through the degradation of special enzymes produced by microbial metabolism, which can improve their nutritional value, enhance palatability, and improve utilization rate. Current straw feed processing technologies mainly include:

　　1. Straw block feed processing technology

　　Straw block feed is made by chopping and mixing crop straws such as corn, rice straw, wheat straw, and pasture, and then rolling them under high temperature and high pressure. In addition to corn stalks, rice straw, wheat straw, and pasture can also be used as raw materials. Experiments show that the effective nutrients such as crude protein, crude fat, and amino acids in straw block feed are significantly improved. The volume of straw after pressing is only 1/8~1/6 of the original volume, which is convenient for storage and transportation, and the storage period is generally 6~9 months. After the ripening process, the feed changes from raw to cooked, is non-toxic and sterile, has a special caramel fragrance, and can add trace elements. The livestock feeding rate can reach 100%. It can improve animal immunity, improve meat and milk quality, and reduce breeding costs. Straw block processing technology has obvious economic benefits and broad market prospects.

　　2. Straw silage technology

　　Including traditional silage technology and mechanized silage technology.

　　(1) Traditional silage technology is to fill fresh straw into a sealed silage tower or silage cellar, and through microbial fermentation, to achieve long-term preservation of the green and juicy nutritional characteristics of straw. It has the advantages of high feed utilization rate, less nutrient loss, long preservation period, easy digestion, small space occupation, labor and time saving, etc. It is widely used in Lintong and Yanliang of our city.

　　(2) Mechanized silage technology

　　Small-scale wrapped silage technology This technology crushes harvested fresh pasture, corn stalks, rice straw and other green plants, then uses a baler to compact and bale them at high density, and then uses a wrapping machine to wrap the bales with silage stretch film, creating an optimal sealed, anaerobic fermentation environment. After 3-6 weeks, the lactic acid type natural fermentation biochemical process is finally completed.

　　Bag silage technology After the straw is chopped, a bag-type filling machine is used to fill the straw into a special silage bag made of plastic stretch film at high density, and silage is achieved under anaerobic conditions. Suitable for large-scale silage of corn stalks, pasture, sorghum, etc. The silage moisture content of this technology is as high as 60%~65%, and a 33-meter-long silage bag can hold nearly 100 tons of straw. The filling speed of the filling machine is 60~90 tons per hour.

　　3. Microbial straw feed processing technology

　　In recent years, microbial (or ecological feed) processing technology has begun to emerge in China. This technology first adds nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium growth promoters to plant straw, and then adds multiple synergistic bacteria. Among them, the role of liquid white mold is to increase protein content, the role of Trichoderma is to decompose fiber, the role of liquid photosynthetic bacteria is to improve the comprehensive nutritional components of feed, the role of saccharifying enzyme is to help catalyze and decompose cellulose, the role of yeast is to improve the content of protein and amino acids, and the role of lactic acid bacteria is to improve fermentation conditions and feed palatability. The advantages of this technology are simple process, low cost, short production cycle, and rich feed nutrition.

　　Similar technologies include EM (Effective Microorganism) bacterial solution treatment technology, enzyme bacteria treatment technology, etc.

　　4. Corn stalk bag micro-storage technology

　　Corn stalk bag micro-storage technology is a new corn stalk feed processing technology developed by Jiaxiang Libobo Farm, which organically combines corn stalk rubbing and drawing technology with micro-storage and bagging technology. After the corn stalks are mechanically rubbed and drawn, special microbial agents are added, and then compressed, baled, bagged, sealed, and stored. It has the advantages of simple operation of processing equipment, high efficiency, no restrictions on weather and site, small size, high density, long preservation, and easy transportation.